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Quetzalcoatl in feathered serpent form as depicted in the Quetzalcoatl ( English:; Spanish pronunciation: ( )) (: Quetzalcohuātl, ()) forms part of and is a whose name comes from the language and means 'feathered serpent'. The of a is first documented in in the first century BC or first century AD. That period lies within the to (400 BC – 600 AD) of, and veneration of the figure appears to have spread throughout Mesoamerica by the period (600–900 AD).
In the (900–1519 AD), the worship of the feathered serpent deity was based in the primary Mexican religious center of. It is in this period that the deity is known to have been named 'Quetzalcoatl' by his followers. In the area, he was approximately equivalent to and, names that also roughly translate as 'feathered serpent' in different.
Quetzalcoatl, the Aztec god of wind and learning, wears around his neck the 'wind breastplate' ehecailacocozcatl, 'the spirally voluted wind jewel' made of a conch shell. This talisman was a conch shell cut at the cross-section and was likely worn as a necklace by religious rulers, as they have been discovered in burials in archaeological sites throughout Mesoamerica, and potentially symbolized patterns witnessed in hurricanes, dust devils, seashells, and whirlpools, which were elemental forces that had significance in. In codex drawings, Quetzalcoatl and were both pictured as wearing an ehecailacocozcatl around each of their necks. There has additionally been at least one major cache of offerings with knives and idols adorned with the symbols of more than one god, some of which were adorned with wind jewels. In the era following the 16th-century, a number of sources were written that conflate Quetzalcoatl with, a ruler of the mythico-historic city of.
It is a matter of much debate among historians to which degree, or whether at all, these narratives about this legendary ruler describe historical events. Furthermore, early Spanish sources written by clerics tend to identify the god-ruler Quetzalcoatl of these narratives with either or —an identification which is also a source of diversity of opinions about the nature of Quetzalcoatl. Among the, whose beliefs are the best-documented in the historical sources, Quetzalcoatl was related to gods of the wind, of the planet, of the dawn, of merchants and of arts, crafts and knowledge.
He was also the patron god of the Aztec priesthood, of learning and knowledge. Quetzalcoatl was one of several important gods in the Aztec, along with the gods, and.
Two other gods represented by the planet Venus are Quetzalcoatl's ally who is the god of rain, and Quetzalcoatl's twin and, who is named. Animals thought to represent Quetzalcoatl include, rattlesnakes ( coatl meaning serpent in Nahuatl), crows, and. In his form as he is the wind, and is represented by, ducks, and the wind itself. In his form as the morning star, Venus, he is also depicted as a. In legends, the astrologer deity, who is also represented by Venus, bears a close relationship with Quetzalcoatl.
Main article: A feathered serpent deity has been worshiped by many different ethnopolitical groups in Mesoamerican history. The existence of such worship can be seen through studies of the iconography of different Mesoamerican cultures, in which serpent motifs are frequent.
On the basis of the different symbolic systems used in portrayals of the feathered serpent deity in different cultures and periods, scholars have interpreted the religious and symbolic meaning of the feathered serpent deity in Mesoamerican cultures. Iconographic depictions [ ]. Head at the Ciudadela complex in Teotihuacan The earliest iconographic depiction of the deity is believed to be found on 19 at the site of, depicting a serpent rising up behind a person probably engaged in a shamanic ritual.
This depiction is believed to have been made around 900 BC. Although probably not exactly a depiction of the same feathered serpent deity worshipped in classic and post-classic periods, it shows the continuity of symbolism of feathered snakes in Mesoamerica from the formative period and on, for example in comparison to the Mayan Vision Serpent shown below. Vision Serpent depicted on lintel 15 from. The first culture to use the symbol of a feathered serpent as an important religious and political symbol was.
At temples such as the aptly named 'Quetzalcoatl temple' in the Ciudadela complex, feathered serpents figure prominently and alternate with a different kind of serpent head. The earliest depictions of the feathered serpent deity were fully zoomorphic, depicting the serpent as an actual snake, but already among the Classic Maya, the deity began acquiring human features.
In the iconography of the classic period, Maya serpent imagery is also prevalent: a snake is often seen as the embodiment of the sky itself, and a vision serpent is a shamanic helper presenting Maya kings with visions of the. The archaeological record shows that after the fall of Teotihuacan that marked the beginning of the epi-classic period in around 600 AD, the cult of the feathered serpent spread to the new religious and political centers in central Mexico, centers such as, and. Feathered serpent iconography is prominent at all of these sites. Cholula is known to have remained the most important center of worship to Quetzalcoatl, the Aztec/Nahua version of the feathered serpent deity, in the post-classic period. During the epi-classic period, a dramatic spread of feathered serpent iconography is evidenced throughout Mesoamerica, and during this period begins to figure prominently at sites such as,, and throughout the Maya area. Colonial documentary sources from the Maya area frequently speak of the arrival of foreigners from the central Mexican plateau, often led by a man whose name translates as 'Feathered Serpent.' It has been suggested that these stories recall the spread of the feathered serpent cult in the epi-classic and early post-classic periods.
The Plumed Serpent, an ideogram of the metaphor of Quetzalcoatl, alludes to one of the most powerful forces of nature. A Said metaphor is recorded in the Nahuatl language: Quetzalcoatl: he was the wind; he was the guide, the road sweeper of the rain gods, of the masters of the water, of those who Brough rain. And when the wind increased, it was said, the dust swirled up, it roared, howled, became dark, blew in all directions; there was lightning; it grew wrathful. The metaphor served to not only describe a powerful seasonal phenomenon, but was also the title of rulership and priestly office; additionally, the name figured in ties as a military title and emblem. In the post-classic of central Mexico (Aztec), the worship of Quetzalcoatl was ubiquitous.
Art depicting the worship of Quetzalcoatl from this time also depicts mushrooms, and possibly the ingestion of sacred hallucinogenic species during worship. The most important center was where the was dedicated to his worship. In Aztec culture, depictions of Quetzalcoatl were fully anthropomorphic. Quetzalcoatl was associated with the wind god and is often depicted with his insignia: a beak-like mask.
Interpretations [ ]. Quetzalcoatl as depicted in the. To the Aztecs, Quetzalcoatl was, as his name indicates, a feathered serpent, a flying reptile (much like a ), who was a boundary-maker (and transgressor) between earth and sky.
He was a creator deity having contributed essentially to the creation of Mankind. He also had anthropomorphic forms, for example in his aspects as the wind god. Among the Aztecs, the name Quetzalcoatl was also a priestly title, as the two most important priests of the Aztec were called 'Quetzalcoatl Tlamacazqui'. In the Aztec ritual calendar, different deities were associated with the cycle-of-year names: Quetzalcoatl was tied to the year Ce Acatl (One Reed), which correlates to the year 1519. Myths [ ] Attributes [ ].
See also:,, and Some believe that Quetzalcoatl was historically, but believe His name and the details of the event were gradually lost over time. According to the, the resurrected Christ came down from the clouds and visited the people of the American continent, shortly after his resurrection. Quetzalcoatl is not a religious symbol in the Mormon faith, and is not taught as such, nor is it in their doctrine.
Wrote: The story of the life of the Mexican divinity, Quetzalcoatl, closely resembles that of the Savior; so closely, indeed, that we can come to no other conclusion than that Quetzalcoatl and Christ are the same being. But the history of the former has been handed down to us through an impure Lamanitish source, which has sadly disfigured and perverted the original incidents and teachings of the Savior's life and ministry.' (Mediation and Atonement, p.
194.) Latter-day Saint scholar, after investigating the link between Quetzalcoatl and Jesus, concluded that the association amounts to nothing more than folklore. In a 1986 paper for, he noted that during the, the Native Americans and the Catholic priests who sympathized with them felt pressure to link Native American beliefs with Christianity, thus making the Native Americans seem more human and less savage. Over time, Quetzalcoatl's appearance, clothing, malevolent nature, and status among the gods were reshaped to fit a more Christian framework. In media [ ] Quetzalcoatl was fictionalized in the 1982 film as a monster that terrorizes New York City. The deity has been featured as a character in the manga and anime series and (portrayed as a female in the latter); the video game franchise; the video games,,, (as an alternate costume for his Mayan counterpart, Kukulkan), and; and in the last of books. This article needs additional citations for. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
(March 2014) () Various theories about Quetzalcoatl are popular in the movement, especially since the publication of 's 1971 book Lord of the dawn: Quetzalcoatl and the Tree of Life. Dark Side Of The Moon Pink Floyd Zippo. Shearer's book was subsequently republished under the title Lord of the dawn: Quetzalcoatl, the plumed serpent of Mexico. Descargar Drivers Ic Ensemble Envy24 Audio Controller. See also [ ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to.
• • •, one of Quetzalcōātl and his brothers' legend. •, a from the named after Quetzalcoatl • • • • Notes [ ].